Concept

Dead branch — where it appears

An extension attempted by a search whose entire result is the discovery that nothing was there. On a backtracking search over a wavelet tree it is a full rank walk returning an empty interval, and the share of extensions that are dead rises with the error budget.

Named by 4 essays across 4 fields — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.

025507510000.50011.502errors permittedfactor against the published loop64.5%55.8%74.7%the walk: 11xthe descentthe label is the shareof dead extensions6 patterns · sigma 2198x to 105x

Flat in the budget, and not

One saving is eleven times at every error budget, because it is a property of the alphabet. The other moves between ninety-eight and a hundred and five, because it follows the share of extensions that find nothing. Two savings, two shapes, and neither line crosses the other.

bounds · Distance
acdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyzroot24 of 26 symbols present54 ranks · 51 nodes

Asking about symbols that are not there

A search extends an interval by every character of the alphabet, and on a deep branch almost all of them produce an empty interval. That is a full rank walk whose entire result is the discovery that nothing was there.

indexes · Symbol
extensions attempted9,206 dead7,594 livebit-vector ranksthe loop: 168,000the descent: 24,0868 patterns · 1 error · sigma 2054.8% dead · 6.98x

The branches that find nothing

An approximate search over a twenty-symbol alphabet attempts sixteen thousand eight hundred extensions and nine thousand two hundred of them produce an empty interval. That is a full rank walk whose entire result is the discovery that nothing was there.

structures · Symbol
02040608000.50011.502errors permittedbranches that find nothing, per cent5.75x6.98x9.22xthe label is thesaving at that budget8 patterns · 8 characters31.3% to 74.9%

A looser budget wastes a larger share

More errors permitted means more work, and the fraction of that work which was never going to help rises with it — from thirty-one per cent at no errors to seventy-five at two. The saving is worth most where the search is most expensive.

practice · Symbol

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

Backtracking searchInterval symbolsAlphabet sizeDescentError budgetRankSelf-indexWavelet treeApproximate matchingBidirectional indexCompound walk

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